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In a semi-field net cage experiment set up in three growing seasons (2015–2018) at Julius-Kühn Institute Braunschweig, Germany, the influence of different release times of adult cabbage stem flea beetles,  Psylliodes chrysocephala  (early September, mid-September, early October) and different beetle densities (6.7, 13.3 and 20 beetles/m 2 ) on reproduction and damage potential in winter oil seed rape was investigated. In parallel to the cage trials, the number of deposited eggs was assessed in small boxes exposed in the field. Beetles released in early September laid significantly more eggs compared to beetles released early October, with a maximum of 270 eggs per female. The early release of beetles resulted in significantly higher numbers of larvae in autumn, but this differed significantly between the years. Warm autumn or winter conditions led to continued egg laying and development, whereas cold conditions stopped the reproduction. Significant yield losses (25%) and significant plant losses during winter were only found in 2016/17 in treatments with an early release of high numbers of beetles (20 beetles /m 2 ). The German damage threshold of 3–5 larvae per plant was reached when 13 beetles/m 2  were released before 20th September and 20 beetles per m 2  after 20th September. Data of this study can be used for a better damage prediction and a more targeted beetle control.

journal of plant diseases and protection

Effect of immigration time and beetle density on development of the cabbage stem flea beetle, (Psylliodes chrysocephala L.) and damage potential in winter oilseed rape