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Purpose Artificial organs might serve as alternative solutions for whole organ transplantation. Decellularization of a liver provides a non-immunogenic matrix with the advantage of three afferent systems, the portal vein, the hepatic artery and the bile duct. This study aims to evaluate the recellularization of  rat  livers with islets of Langerhans via the bile duct and the portal vein for the comparison of different perfusion routes. Methods Rat  livers were decellularized in a pressure-controlled perfusion manner and repopulated with intact isolated islets of Langerhans via either the portal vein or the bile duct. Results Repopulation via the portal vein showed islet clusters stuck within the vascular system demonstrated by ellipsoid borders of thick reticular tissue around the islet cluster in Azan staining. After recellularization via the bile duct, islets were distributed close to the vessels within the parenchymal space and without a surrounding reticular layer. Large clusters of islets had a diameter of up to 1000 µm without clear shapes. Conclusion We demonstrated the bile duct to be superior to the portal vein for repopulation of a decellularized  rat  liver with islets of Langerhans. This technique may serve as a bioengineering platform to generate an implantable and functional endocrine neo-pancreas and provide scaffolds with the anatomic benefit of three afferent systems to facilitate co-population of cells.

Perfusion-Based Recellularization of Rat Livers with Islets of Langerhans