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Purpose Although electrocardiogram (ECG) has been proven as a biometric for human identification, applying biometric technology remains challenging with diverse heart rate circumstances in which high intensity heart rate caused waveform deformation may not be known in advance when ECG templates are registered. Methods A calibration method that calculates the ratio of the length of an unidentified electrocardiogram signal to the length of an electrocardiogram template is proposed in this paper. Next, the R peak is used as an axis anchor point of a trigonometric projection (TP) to attain the displacement value. Finally, the unidentified ECG signal is calibrated according to the generated trigonometric value, which corresponds to the trigonometric projection degree of the ratio and the attained displacement measurement. Results The results reveal that the proposed method provides superior overall performance compared with that of the conventional downsampling method, based on the percentage root mean square difference (PRD), correlation coefficients, and mean square error (MSE). Conclusion The curve fitting equation directly maps from the heart rate levels to the TP degree without prior registration information. The proposed ECG calibration method offers a more robust system against heart rate interference when conducting ECG identification.

A Trigonometric Projection Method for Overcoming High Intensity Heart Rate Caused Waveform Deformation in Electrocardiogram Biometrics