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Biomaterials having stimuli response are interesting in the biomedical field. This paper reports about swelling response and internal  structural of biomineralized (CaCO 3 ) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel having various thicknesses (0.1-0.4 mm). Samples were tested in aqueous solution using temperature ranges from 10 to 40 °C; pH varies from 4 to 9, time 60 min. In addition, an experiment was conducted in the presence of simulated biological solutions (SBS): glucose (GS), physiological fluid (PS) and urea (US) at temperature 37 °C and pH 7.5 for 180 min. It is noticed that the maximum swelling ratio reached in 30-40 °C at pH 7 in aqueous solution. Among biological fluids, the swelling ratio shows: US &gt; PS &gt; GS at temperature 37 °C, pH 7.5, time 150 min. The equilibrium swelling ratio of the test sample in SBS and their non-reformative apparent structure confirm that biomineralized (CaCO 3 ) PVP-CMC hydrogel can be acclaimed for medical application like bone tissue engineering.

Influence of temperature, pH and simulated biological solutions on swelling and structural properties of biomineralized (CaCO3) PVP–CMC hydrogel