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(Ba 1−   x  Sr  x  )(Mn  y  Ti 1−   y  )O 3  (BSMT) ceramics with  x  = 35, 40 mol% and  y  = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mol% were prepared using a conventional solid-state reaction approach. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties were characterized using impedance analysis and polarization-electric field ( P  –  E ) hysteresis loop measurements, respectively. The adiabatic temperature drop was directly measured using a thermocouple when the applied electric field was removed. The results indicate that high permittivity and low dielectric losses were obtained by doping 0.1–0.4 mol% of manganese ions in (BaSr)TiO 3  (BST) specimens. A maximum electrocaloric effect (ECE) of 2.75 K in temperature change with electrocaloric strength of 0.55 K·(MV/m) −  1  was directly obtained at ∼21 °C and 50 kV/cm in Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 Mn 0.001 Ti 0.999 O 3  sample, offering a promising ECE material for practical refrigeration devices working at room temperature.

Enhanced electrocaloric effect at room temperature in Mn2+ doped lead-free (BaSr)TiO3 ceramics via a direct measurement