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Key message   New genotypes of hybrid poplars from the   Aigeiros   and   Tacamahaca   sections have great potential for increasing genetic gain from selection. The most promising traits are associated with productivity and resistance to   Sphaerulina musiva   -induced canker while wood density can be selected for secondarily. A minimum age of 8 years is reliable to select fast-growing resistant clones in northern climates.     Context  Productivity, wood density, and disease resistance of hybrid poplar clones are important traits when selecting for cultivation at an industrial scale.    Aims  We studied 1978 hybrid poplar clones from 63 families, bred from poplars native ( Populus balsamifera  and  Populus deltoides ) and non-native to Canada from the  Aigeiros  and  Tacamahaca  sections, to improve economically important traits for plantations in northern Alberta.    Methods  Genetic parameters for diameter at breast height (DBH), height, resistance to  Sphaerulina musiva -induced canker, and wood density were determined up to age 10.    Results  A mean annual increment of 16.5 m 3  ha −1  year −1  was achieved at age 10 in the best-performing clones. The potential genetic gain for DBH, height, and canker resistance, 37%, 26%, and ~ 13%, respectively, was achieved when selecting the top 10% of the tested clones. The genetic effect for wood density was weak. The age-age genetic correlations identified age eight as a reliable selection age.    Conclusion  The new hybrid poplar clones tested exhibited great potential for tree improvement. The next phase of selection should test a reduced number of clones on different site types, identifying stable clones for productivity and resistance, while wood density can be selected for secondarily. In northern regions, a minimum age of 8 years is reliable to select fast-growing resistant clones for commercial deployment.

annals of forest science

Growth parameters and resistance to Sphaerulina musiva-induced canker are more important than wood density for increasing genetic gain from selection of Populus spp. hybrids for northern climates