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Bacterial blight (BB), a serious bacterial disease caused by pathogen  Xanthomonas oryzae  pv.  oryzae  ( Xoo ) affects rice growth and yield. Yunnan Province is regarded as a center of rice diversity in China and indeed the world, and has abundant rice landrace resources, which may offer prospective candidate donors in rice improvement and breeding. In this study, a set of 200 rice landraces were evaluated to determine their resistance to 10 pathogenic  Xoo  strains resistance by the leaf-clipping method. The results indicated that the tested rice landraces had different resistance levels against different  Xoo  strains. Multiple comparisons showed that the  Xoo  strain PXO99 was virulent to the tested rice landraces. Sixty-six rice landraces conferred resistance against at least one  Xoo  strain. These resistant rice landraces screened were then performed the presence of 14 cloned BB resistance genes by closely linked molecular markers and designed specific primers. The results showed that none of these resistant accessions contained  xa13 ,  Xa21 ,  Xa27 , and  Xa45(t)  homologous fragments, while 9, 24, 4, 7, 9, 15, 1, 5, 4 and 27 accessions contained  Xa1 ,  Xa2/Xa31(t) ,  Xa14 ,  Xa3/Xa26 ,  Xa4 ,  xa5 ,  Xa7 ,  Xa10 ,  Xa23  and  xa25  homologous fragments, respectively. Sequence analysis further revealed that nucleotide variations around functional nucleotide polymorphisms region were observed within these accessions containing the  Xa1 ,  Xa2/Xa31(t) ,  Xa14 ,  Xa3/Xa26 ,  Xa4 ,  xa5 ,  Xa10 ,  Xa23  and  xa25  homologous fragments. These results along with phenotypic resistance spectrum supported that these accessions carried nine resistance homologous genes. Only one accession (Qishanggu_Wenshan) carried the  Xa7  resistance gene. We also found that some resistant rice landraces, especially Xilandigu_Baoshan, and Laoyaling_Lincang without the above resistance genes, which mediated broad spectrum resistance to multiple  Xoo  strains, were identified as potential sources for breeding rice lines resistance to BB.

Identification of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice landraces from Yunnan Province, China