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Ironwood ( Casuarina equisetifolia  subsp.  equisetifolia ) trees on Guam have been in decline since 2002. This study applied proportional odds logistic multiple regression modeling to a set of biological variables in order to find significant decline predictors as a first step towards identifying pathogenic contributors. Based on the analysis of a set of 77 medium and large trees, the bacterium  Ralstonia solanacearum  and the fungus  Ganoderma australe  species complex were found to be significant predictors, with  p  values of  0.087). When nine covariates were applied univariately to a data subset of 30 tree cross-sections, the significance of  R. solanacearum  was strongly upheld while that of  G. australe  was moderately reduced. Also significant were percent cross-sectional area with bacterial wetwood and the formation of ooze within 24 h. Wetwood bacteria of  Klebsiella  spp. and  K. oxytoca  were found across all levels of decline and were not significant predictors. Other enteric bacteria identified included  Kosakonia ,  Enterobacter, Pantoea, Erwinia,  and  Citrobacter .

Ralstonia solanacearum, Ganoderma australe, and bacterial wetwood as predictors of ironwood tree (Casuarina equisetifolia) decline in Guam