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Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young children in lowand middle-income countries. Specifically, pneumonia – an infection of the lower respiratory tract – resulted in 120 million episodes in 2010 and 1.3 million deaths in 2011, among children under five years of age [1]. Approximately 81% of pneumonia deaths occur during the first two years of life [1], underscoring the need for preventive interventions in infancy and early childhood. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the efficacy of prophylactic zinc supplementation on reducing the incidence and severity of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) among young children in developing countries [2,3]; the majority of evidence, however, has stemmed from studies of routine supplementation with daily zinc doses for an extended period of at least 3 months. Additional research on the efficacy of shortcourse zinc supplementation for ≤14 days is therefore warranted in order to inform the policy-related question of whether interventions of shorter intervals can achieve comparable results to those achieved with routine supplementation [2].

Prophylactic zinc supplementation for prevention of acute respiratory infections in infants and young children