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The phylogeny and systematics of cordycipitoid fungi have been extensively studied in the last two decades. However, systematic positions of some taxa in the family Cordycipitaceae have not yet been thoroughly resolved. In this study, a new phylogenetic framework of Cordycipitaceae is reconstructed using multigene (nr SSU , nr LSU, tef-1α, rpb1  and  rpb2 ) sequence data with large-scale taxon sampling. In addition, ITS sequence data of species belonging to the  Lecanicillium  lineage in the family Cordycipitaceae are used to further determine their phylogenetic placements. Based on molecular phylogenetic data together with morphological evidence, two new genera ( Flavocillium  and  Liangia ), 16 new species and four new combinations are introduced. In the new genus  Flavocillium , one new species  F. bifurcatum  and three new combinations previously described as  Lecanicillium , namely  F. acerosium, F. primulinium  and  F. subprimulinium , are proposed .  The genus  Liangia  is built by the new species  Lia. sinensis  with  Lecanicillium- like asexual morph, isolated from an entomopathogenic fungus  Beauveria yunnanensis . Due to the absence of  Paecilomyces hepiali , an economically and medically significant fungus, in the earlier phylogenetic analyses, its systematic position has been puzzling in both business and academic communities for a long time. Here,  P. hepiali  is recharacterized using the holotype material along with seven additional samples. It is assigned to the genus  Samsoniella  (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) possessing  Cordyceps -like sexual morph and  Isaria- like asexual morph, and thus a new combination, namely  S. hepiali  is proposed .  An additional nine new species in  Samsoniella  are described:  S. alpina, S. antleroides, S. cardinalis, S. cristata, S. lanmaoa, S. kunmingensis  ,   S. ramosa, S. tortricidae  and  S. yunnanensis.  Four new species in  Cordyceps  are described:  C. chaetoclavata, C. cocoonihabita, C. shuifuensis  and  C. subtenuipes .  Simplicillium yunnanense , isolated from synnemata of  Akanthomyces waltergamsii , is described as a new species.

fungal diversity

Multigene phylogeny of the family Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales): new taxa and the new systematic position of the Chinese cordycipitoid fungus Paecilomyces hepiali