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The purpose of the study is to identify the strains and systematic classification of the three bacterial strains with strong colonization-resistance against pathogenic bacteria Bacillus nematocida B16, which were isolated from the intestine of free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in rotten fruit and soil. In this study, multilocus phylogenetic analysis was performed to study the taxonomic status of these bacterial strains base on the sequence of 16S rRNA, atpD, gyrB, infB, and rpoB. In addition, the digital DDH (DNA-DNA hybridization) and ANI (average nucleotide identity) analysis were carried out to confirm the classification conjugating morphological characteristics including bacterial colonies, cell shape, size and motility, and physiological characteristics. The results showed that three strains SCO41T, BX15, and BC7 from the intestine of C. elegans were Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobe, motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the three strains represent a novel bacterial species closely related to Phytobacter ursingii CAV1151T. Digital DDH and ANI analysis results revealed a significant sequence divergence between the novel strains and their closest relative P. ursingii, supporting their classification as a distinct species. Furthermore, these new strains can be clearly distinguished from P. ursingii by a number of morphological and physiological characteristics. A novel bacterial species, Phytobacter nematintestini sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these strains. The type strain is SCO41T (=CICC 24103T = KCTC 52362T).

annals of microbiology

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Phytobacter nematintestini sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans and conferring resistance to Bacillus nematocida infection