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Carbonated water (CW) and low salinity (LS) injection processes are among the most widely investigated method during the past decade due to their unique advantages. Although the results revealed rather efficiency of these two methods, it is reported that using the combination of these two methods can introduce new insight about the smart and newly developed enhance oil recovery processes. Respect to these facts, the current work is aimed to investigate the swelling behavior of heavy crude oil in carbonated water at the presence of Na 2 SO 4  and Mg 2 SO 4 . In this way, one of the main effective mechanisms through the carbonated water injection which is swelling factor is examined in the presence of two different salts, namely, Na 2 SO 4  and Mg 2 SO 4 , under different pressures (500–4000 psi) and temperatures (30–80 °C). The results obtained in this investigation are compared with the previously reported results regarding the carbonated brine (CB) solutions consisted of different salts such as KCl, NaCl, CaCl 2 , and MgCl 2  with the same concentration of 15,000 ppm. The results not only reveal the possible mechanism behind the swelling factor variation, but also reveal that crude oil and ion type as well as temperature besides the solubility of CO 2  in aqueous phase can introduce tremendous influence on the mobility of CO 2  molecules and their partitioning from aqueous phase towards the oil phase. Also, the obtained results reveal that the presence of divalent ions can directly affect the crossover pressure toward lower values.

Swelling behavior of heavy crude oil in carbonated water at the presence of Na2SO4 and Mg2SO4