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In majority cities of Pakistan, ground water is the main source of drinking water supply in the taps. Studies from different areas of Pakistan reported the presence of arsenic (As 3/5+ ) and fluoride (F − ) in drinking water supplies and can be envisaged as a deep-rooted cause of daily exposure of these in humans. The present study was planned with three way approach, i.e., to assess drinking water quality in Multan city, a highly populated and industrial activity area; synthesis of nano-adsorbent for simultaneous, effective and low-cost removal of fluoride and arsenic and manage waste by utilization of kitchen waste for synthesis of the nano-adsorbent. Out of 30 samples collected, 80% and 73% samples were found exceeding maximum residual limits (MRL) for F −  and As 3/5+ , respectively, while 53% samples had both As 3/5+  and F −  concentrations greater than MRL. All these water samples were then treated with prepared nano-adsorbent, i.e., iron nanoparticles doped kitchen waste charcoal after evaluating the optimized experimental parameters and application of adsorption, kinetics and thermodynamic models. The nano-adsorbent showed high removal efficacy 81–100% for F −  and 13–100% for As 3+ .

applied water science

Quality assessment of drinking water of Multan city, Pakistan in context with Arsenic and Fluoride and use of Iron nanoparticle doped kitchen waste charcoal as a potential adsorbent for their combined removal