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In this contribution we extend Kalman-filter theory by introducing a new recursive linear minimum mean squared error (MMSE) filter for dynamic systems with unknown state-vector means. The recursive filter enables the joint MMSE prediction and estimation of the random state vectors and their unknown means, respectively. We show how the new filter reduces to the Kalman-filter in case the state-vector means are known and we discuss the fundamentally different roles played by the intitialization of the two filters.

A recursive linear MMSE filter for dynamic systems with unknown state vector means