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Noble metal nanoparticles show specific optical properties due to theexcitation of localized surface plasmons that make them attractive candidatesfor highly sensitive bionanosensors. The underlying physical principle iseither an analyte-induced modification of the dielectric properties of themedium surrounding the nanoparticle or an increase of the excitation andemission rates of an optically active analyte by the resonantly enhancedplasmon field. Either way, besides the nanoparticle geometry the dielectricproperties of the metal and nanoscale surface roughness play an important rolefor the sensing performance. As the underlying principles are however not yetwell understood, we aim here at an improved understanding by analyzing theoptical characteristics of lithographically fabricated nanoparticles withdifferent crystallinity and roughness parameters. We vary these parameters bythermal annealing and apply a thin gold film as a model system to retrievemodifications in the dielectric function. We investigate, on one hand,extinction spectra that reflect the far-field properties of the plasmonicexcitation and, on the other hand, surface-enhanced Raman spectra that serve asa near-field probe. Our results provide improved insight into localized surfaceplasmons and their application in bionanosensing.

Gold Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Biosensing: The Role of Metal Crystallinity and Nanoscale Roughness