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Two and a half years prior to China's M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake of May 2008,at least 300 million metric tons of water accumulated with additional seasonalwater level changes in the Minjiang River Valley at the eastern margin of theLongmen Shan. This article shows that static surface loading in the Zipingpuwater reservoir induced Coulomb failure stresses on the nearby Beichuan thrustfault system at <17km depth. Triggering stresses exceeded levels of daily lunarand solar tides and perturbed a fault area measuring 416+/-96km^2. These stressperturbations, in turn, likely advanced the clock of the mainshock and directedthe initial rupture propagation upward towards the reservoir on the"Coulomb-like" Beichuan fault with rate-and-state dependent frictionalbehavior. Static triggering perturbations produced up to 60 years (0.6%) ofequivalent tectonic loading, and show strong correlations to the coseismicslip. Moreover, correlations between clock advancement and coseismic slip,observed during the mainshock beneath the reservoir, are strongest for a longerseismic cycle (10kyr) of M>7 earthquakes. Finally, the daily event rate of themicro-seismicity (M>0.5) correlates well with the static stress perturbations,indicating destabilization.

Evidence for Anthropogenic Surface Loading as Trigger Mechanism of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake