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A challenging key aspect of modelling and recognising human activity is to design a model that can deal with the uncertainty in human behaviour. Several machine learning and deep learning techniques are employed to model the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) representing the human activity. This paper proposes an enhanced Fuzzy Finite State Machine (FFSM) model by combining the classical FFSM with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The learning capability in the LSTM and CNN allows the system to learn the relationship in the temporal human activity data and to identify the parameters of the rule-based system as building blocks of the FFSM through time steps in the learning mode. The learned parameters are then used for generating the fuzzy rules that govern the transitions between the system’s states representing activities. The proposed enhanced FFSMs were tested and evaluated using two different datasets; a real dataset collected by our research group and a public dataset collected from CASAS smart home project. Using LSTM-FFSM, the experimental results achieved $$95.7\%$$ 95.7 % and $$97.6\%$$ 97.6 % for the first dataset and the second dataset, respectively. Once CNN-FFSM was applied to both datasets, the obtained results were $$94.2\%$$ 94.2 % and $$99.3\%$$ 99.3 % , respectively.

Enhanced fuzzy finite state machine for human activity modelling and recognition