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Background To diagnose abnormal  18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) uptake in suspected endocarditis after aortic root and/or ascending aorta prosthesis (ARAP) implantation, it is important to first establish the normal periprosthetic uptake on positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT). Methods Patients with uncomplicated ARAP implantation were prospectively included and underwent  18 F-FDG-PET/CT at either 12 (± 2) weeks (group 1) or 52 (± 8) weeks (group 2) after procedure. Uptake on three different locations of the prosthesis (“cranial anastomosis (CA),” “prosthetic heart valve (PHV),” “ascending aorta prosthesis (AAP)”) was scored visually (none/low/intermediate/high) and quantitatively (maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ) and target-to-background ratio (SUV ratio ). Results In total, 20 patients (group 1: n = 10, group 2: n = 10) (mean age 64±7 years, 70% male) were included. Both groups had similar visual uptake intensity for all measured areas (CA: mostly low-intermediate (16/20 (80%)),  p  = .17; PHV: low-intermediate (16/20 (80%)),  p  = .88; AAP: low-intermediate (19/20 (95%)),  p  = .48). SUV max  for CA was 5.6 [4.1-6.1] and 3.8 [3.1-5.9] (median [IQR],  p  = .19), and around PHV 5.0 [4.1-5.7] and 6.3 [4.6-7.1] ( p  = .11) for groups 1 and 2, respectively. SUV ratio  for CA was 2.8 [2.3-3.2] and 2.0 [1.7-2.6] (median [IQR],  p  = .07) and around PHV 2.5 [2.4-2.8] and 2.9 [2.3-3.5] (median [IQR],  p  = .26) for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion No significant differences were observed between PET/CT findings at 3 months and 1 year after ARAP implantation, warranting caution in interpretation of PET/CT in the first year after implantation.

Normal imaging findings after ascending aorta prosthesis implantation on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography with computed tomography