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The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to examine the genetic relationships among 21 Iranian soft-seeded pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes. Out of 72 fluorescent-AFLP primer combinations screened, 31 were selected to produce the 503 polymorphic markers used in this study. Genetic similarity estimates between genotypes, calculated by the Jaccard's similarity coefficient, ranged from 0.17 to 1.00, while the cophenetic correlation coefficient between the genetic similarities and the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram was 0.98. The AFLP-based UPGMA dendrogram revealed two groups within the genotypes at 0.33 similarity coefficient, which reflect fruit traits such as peel and aril color, and seed firmness, as well as region of origin. Our study shows that the use of molecular markers is essential during all steps of germplasm management to avoid genotype redundancy and mislabeling. The present study will be used as a reliable reference to discriminate among these genotypes, to aid management of germplasm collections used to breed new varieties for the Iranian pomegranate industry.

Genetic diversity of Iranian soft-seed pomegranate genotypes as revealed by fluorescent-AFLP markers