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We present our data on granulocyte transfusions in children undergoing treatment for cancer and HSCT at our centre and their changing indications. In this retrospective observational analysis of children who received granulocytes from 2007 to 2015, we divided children receiving granulocytes into two groups-the first from January 2007 till December 2013 and the second from January 2014 till December 2015. This division is based on the change in our policy to use granulocytes within 48 h of septicemia as the incidence of drug resistant bacterial strains had increased at our centre. Data on 72 children with febrile neutropenia treated with 230 granulocyte infusions was analyzed. From 2007 to 2013 (n = 48/72), 27/48 (56 %) had culture proven sepsis of which 14 (51 %) were carbapenem resistant gram negative bacilli. 11 of the 27 children survived the crisis (41 %). We then changed our policy to transfuse granulocytes early during sepsis. From 2014 to 2015 (n = 24/72) 22 patients had culture proven sepsis (91 %) of which 20 had carbapenem resistant gram negative bacilli. 12/22 (54 %) with culture proven sepsis survived the episode. The survival rate improved from 41 % in first group to 54 % after early intervention with granulocytes ( P value 0.0347). Despite the increased incidence of resistant bacteria during the period of 2014-2015, early use of granulocytes improved survival rate from 41 to 54 %. This intervention cannot be taken in isolation and needs to be offered early in parallel with appropriate antibiotics.

Changing Trends in the Use of Granulocyte Transfusions in Neutropenic Children with Sepsis in India