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One of important challenges in condensed-matter physics is to realize newquantum states of matter by manipulating the dimensionality of materials, asrepresented by the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity inatomic-layer pnictides and room-temperature quantum Hall effect in graphene.Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide a fertile platform forexploring novel quantum phenomena accompanied by the dimensionality change,since they exhibit a variety of electronic/magnetic states owing to quantumconfinement. Here we report an anomalous metal-insulator transition induced by3D-2D crossover in monolayer 1T-VSe2 grown on bilayer graphene. We observed acomplete insulating state with a finite energy gap on the entire Fermi surfacein monolayer 1T-VSe2 at low temperatures, in sharp contrast to metallic natureof bulk. More surprisingly, monolayer 1T-VSe2 exhibits a pseudogap with Fermiarc at temperatures above the charge-density-wave temperature, showing a closeresemblance to high-temperature cuprates. This similarity suggests a commonunderlying physics between two apparently different systems, pointing to theimportance of charge/spin fluctuations to create the novel electronic states,such as pseudogap and Fermi arc, in these materials.

Pseudogap, Fermi arc, and Peierls-insulating phase induced by 3D-2D crossover in monolayer VSe2