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Grasslands belong to valuable ecosystems facing, all over Europe, a drastic decline in their range and loss of species diversity. Severe floristic transformation may result from the cessation of traditional low-input agricultural use, and consequently, the massive spread of perennial herbs and tall grasses. Invaders can quickly form dense stands and displace endemic vegetation, which results in a nearly complete turnover of phytocenoses. In European protected areas, the only legally acceptable means for suppressing alien species and native dominants within protected areas are biological methods and mowing. We investigated the effect of cutting on the presence of three megaforbs:  Lysimachia vulgaris, Lythrum salicaria , and  Filipendula ulmaria  in fen meadows. We hypothesized that long-term, systematic management mimicking a traditional agricultural practice, would suppress the expansion of megaforbs. Management effectively stopped  Lysimachia vulgaris  only in marshes, where groundwater in the growing season fell deeper than 50 cm. Coverage of  Lythrum salicaria  fluctuated over the years, while  Filipendula ulmaria  did not give in to mowing pressure; on the contrary, it increased its coverage in some places. In light of the results of the long-term experiment, we conclude that mowing appeared to be low effective in preventing the spread of tall perennials. It was likely that indirect factors caused the local withdrawal of megaforbs, i.e., mowing-driven stimulation of other species’ development (e.g.,  Carex  spp.,  Phragmites ) that outcompete  Lysimachia vulgaris .

How to remove expansive perennial species from sedge-dominated wetlands: results of a long-term experiment in lowland river valleys