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This randomized controlled trial (NCT04786496) examined the effects of a preventive intervention based on Incremental Theory of the Personality (ITP) on psychophysiological responses to social stress and evaluated whether levels of depression moderate the intervention effects. The participants, 107 first-year university students, were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: ITP intervention, ITP + a self-affirmation intervention (SA), and a control condition (CC). Indicators of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and subjective mood were assessed with the Trier Social Stress Task. Participants in the ITP condition displayed a lower decline in respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA) compared to those in the CC during the first phases of the task [Slopes: -0.08  (0.09)  vs -0.21  (0.09) ,  z  = 2.86,  p  = .004] and a higher decrease in cortisol at recovery [β = -0.18  (0.08) ,  z  = -2.37,  p  = .018]. Depressive symptoms moderated the effect of ITP [β = -0.10  (0.05) ,  z  = -2.15,  p  =.032] and ITP+SA [β = -0.09  (0.04) ,  z  = -2.06,  p  =.039] in the decline during stress and recovery in RSA. In participants with low/medium levels of depressive symptoms, both interventions predicted a lower decline during stress [Slopes: -0.06  (0.09)  for ITP, -0.17  (.09)  for ITP+SA, and -0.26  (0.09)  for CC] and higher recovery in RSA [Slopes: 0.18  (0.01)  for ITP, 0.24  (0.01)  for ITP+SA, and 0.30  (0.01)  for CC]. The findings suggest that the ITP intervention has the potential to be an effective preventive intervention to reduce the stress response.

Effects of an incremental theory of the personality intervention on psychophysiological responses to social stress during the transition to college