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The distributions of species lifetimes and species in space are related,since species with good local survival chances have more time to colonize newhabitats and species inhabiting large areas have higher chances to survivelocal disturbances. Yet, both distributions have been discussed in mostlyseparate communities. Here, we study both patterns simultaneously using aspatially explicit, evolutionary community assembly approach. We present andinvestigate a metacommunity model, consisting of a grid of patches, where eachpatch contains a local food web. Species survival depends on predation andcompetition interactions, which in turn depend on species body masses as thekey traits. The system evolves due to the migration of species to neighboringpatches, the addition of new species as modifications of existing species, andlocal extinction events. The structure of each local food web thus emerges in aself-organized manner as the highly non-trivial outcome of the relative timescales of these processes. Our model generates a large variety of complex,multi-trophic networks and therefore serves as a powerful tool to investigateecosystems on long temporal and large spatial scales. We find that the observedlifetime distributions and species-area relations resemble power laws overappropriately chosen parameter ranges and thus agree qualitatively withempirical findings. Moreover, we observe strong finite-size effects, and adependence of the relationships on the trophic level of the species. Bycomparing our results to simple neutral models found in the literature, weidentify the features that are responsible for the values of the exponents.

Interplay of spatial dynamics and local adaptation shapes species lifetime distributions and species-area relationships