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Abstract  Endophytes fungi are applied as favorable safe antifungal agents as well as natural bioactive compounds reservoir. In the current study, the inhibitory effect of endophytic fungus was explained by direct antifungal activity against fungi causing mucormycosis, ultrastructural, and determination of active compounds in fungal extract. Endophytic  Aspergillus terreus  was isolated from healthy  Moringa oleifera  leaves and identified morphologically and genetically, and was recorded in gene bank with accession number MW444551.1. Phytochemical analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) of ethyl acetate crude extract (EACE) of  A. terreus  were performed. GC–MS results of EACE of  A. terreus  revealed that fungal extract contains 16 major bioactive compounds with extensive pharmaceutical activities. Furthermore, EACE of  A. terreus  revealed a promising antifungal activity against fungi causing mucormycosis as  Rhizopus oryzae ,  Mucor racemosus ,  and Syncephalastrum racemosum , where inhibition zones of EACE (10 mg/ml) were 20, 37, and 18 mm, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EACE was 0.3125 toward  M. racemosus , while 1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml against  R. oryzae and S. racemosum , respectively. In the same context, treated  R. oryzae ,  M. racemosus ,  and S. racemosum  with EACE of  A. terreus  revealed elevation of membrane lipid peroxidation which approves membrane leakage. Furthermore, ultrastructure changes were observed which established alteration in both sporangium and hyphal structures; cell membrane and cytoplasm leakage. In conclusion, endophytic  A. terreus  has an outstanding antifungal activity against fungi causing mucormycosis.

Antifungal Activity of Endophytic Aspergillus terreus Extract Against Some Fungi Causing Mucormycosis: Ultrastructural Study