English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Three recently introduced ethanol equivalent-based sustainability metrics i.e., the  sustainability value of resource replacement , the  sustainability value of the fate of waste , and the  sustainability indicator  were used to assess the environmental sustainability of the possible bioethanol-based chemical industry in the Visegrad countries: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The production of basic chemicals such as ethylene, propylene, toluene, xylenes, styrene, and benzene from bioethanol was evaluated. The theory is based on the utilization of cornstarch-based, first-generation bioethanol as a feedstock to produce bio-ethylene, which could be subsequently used as a starting material of well-established chemical technologies to synthesize the listed bulk chemicals. The analysis, which is a non-life-cycle assessment-based approach enlightened that although the switch of the chemical industry from crude oil to bioethanol would be theoretically feasible, the actual bioethanol production was far less than required to cover the raw material needs. Due to the high conversion and selectivity of the reactions studied, the  sustainability value of the fate of the waste  approached the sustainable value in case of ethylene production (i.e., 1), and the  sustainability value of resource replacement  acted as the limiting factor in  sustainability indicator  calculation. We showed a possibility to replace fossil-fuel resources with bioethanol, though the actual bioethanol volumes are not enough to cover the resource needs. Of the Visegrad countries, Slovakia shows the highest sustainability, but none of them can reach the minimum sustainable value of 0.5 up to now.

Environmental sustainability assessment of a biomass-based chemical industry in the Visegrad countries: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia