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Development of strategies to deconstruct lignocellulosic biomass in tree species is essential for biofuels and biomaterials production. We applied a wood forming tissue-specific system in a hybrid poplar to express both  PdSuSy  (a sucrose synthase gene from  Populus deltoides  ×  P. euramericana  that has not been functionally characterized) and  HCHL  (the hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-lyase gene from  Pseudomonas fluorescens , which inhibits lignin polymerization in  Arabidopsis ). The  PdSuSy - HCHL  overexpression poplars correspondingly driven by the promoters of  Arabidopsis AtCesA7  and  AtC4H  resulted in a significant increase in cellulose (&gt; 8%), xylan (&gt; 12%) and glucose (&gt; 29%) content, accompanying a reduction in galacturonic acid (&gt; 36%) content, compared to control plants. The saccharification efficiency of these overexpression poplars was dramatically increased by up to 27%, but total lignin content was unaffected. These transgenic poplars showed inhibited growth characteristics, including &gt; 16% reduced plant height, &gt; 10% reduced number of internodes, and &gt; 18% reduced fresh weight after growth of 4 months, possibly due to relatively low expression of  HCHL  in secondary xylem. Our results demonstrate the structural complexity and interaction of the cell wall polymers in wood tissue and outline a potential method to increase biomass saccharification in woody species.

Wood forming tissue-specific expression of PdSuSy and HCHL increases holocellulose content and improves saccharification in Populus