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As of 2017, there are approximately 235,000 bridges made of conventional reinforced concrete in the USA. Currently, 30 percent of these bridges are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. Contemporarily, there are the unsung efforts of tens of thousands of engineering professionals who continue to assess many of our nations bridges, railway and highway infrastructure, which is an ongoing and unending task. Despite these efforts, much of this infrastructure, which was constructed during the depression era years, is now naturally coming toward the end of its life and needs to be renewed. Concrete is the most important material that has played a vital part in forging this nation and progressing it from despair to prosperity. Although a durable and dependable material, concrete has intrinsic limitations which can lead to subsequent failure. Complexities such as the conditions during the pour, the utilization of irregular aggregates, environmental factors, the formation of high internal stress concentrations and bond failure can all have disastrous consequences many years down the line. But there is often no way of detecting a failure event before it happens. Critical issues that can result in failure are shown in Figure 1, these include:

Towards the Development of Smart Sensors to Prevent the Failure of Concrete Infrastructure Components