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A Cu-rich complex sulpfide concentrate (containing Sb as sulphosalts and gudmundite, and As as arsenopyrite) is roasted in Nitrogen atmosphere carrying traces of oxygen (   $${\text{p}}^{{\text{O}}_{2}}  \approx  {10}^{-5.3}\text{ bar)}$$  p O 2 ≈ 10 - 5.3 bar) .  In situ  measurements through QMS indicated that the volatilized species are mainly elemental sulfur, S 2 (g), and gaseous sulfur oxides. Sb- and As-bearing volatilized species could not be detected, owing to their low concentrations in the gas phase. Characterization studies through XRD and SEM-EDS confirmed that the condensates collected at room temperature during the roasting experiments comprised of (1) cyclo-octa sulfur, S 8 (s) and polysulfur oxides, S  n − x  O  x  (s); (2) amorphous trisulfides of Sb and As; (3) and cubic crystalline trioxides of Sb and As. The solid phases in the condensate were found to be fine-sized (sub-micronic) and widely intermixed. Consequently, quantification of the solid phases in the condensates through direct measurement techniques like QEMSCAN was not possible. A novel approach of partial quantification of solid phases in the condensate through a stochastic model-based calculation approach is also presented. The model results suggested the occurrence of vapor-phase complexation of sulfides of Sb and As in the gas phase. Additional attributes of the volatilized species could be determined through a thermodynamic equilibrium calculation showing that the formation of the complex oxides, As 4− n  Sb  n  O 6 (g), would be negligible compared to that of the complex sulfides, As 4− n  Sb  n  S 6 (g).

metallurgical and materials transactions. b, process metallurgy and materials processing science

Volatilized and Condensed Sb- and As-Bearing Phases Produced During Roasting of Cu-Rich Complex Concentrate in Nitrogen Atmosphere with Oxygen in Traces