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Ninebark is a very popular ornamental shrub. Micropropagation is an efficient method for mass production of uniform plant material. This study was designed to develop and optimize conditions at all phases of ninebark micropropagation. For the multiplication stage, the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at full concentration and pH 5.8 was chosen as the basal medium. Sorbitol proved a more effective carbohydrate source than fructose, with no adverse effects on shoot vitrification or the medium itself. The best shoot production, both in number and length, was on the medium enriched with 2 and 3 mg·L −1  zeatin. High numbers of shoots were also obtained in treatments with 1 mg·L −1  6-benzyladenine (BA) or 2 mg·L −1  meta-Topolin (mT) in the basal medium. BA was the most cost-effective cytokinin. There was a positive effect of the gibberellic acid on proliferation: the highest shoot number per explant was produced in the presence of 1 mg·L −1  GA 3 . No effect of the culture age (up to 20 subcultures) on the percentage of regenerating explants was evident, and the highest numbers of shoots were obtained between passages 10 and 17. For rooting, the MS medium at half strength was used. The best rooting was at 1 mg·L −1  IBA. Spraying the  in vitro  rooted cuttings with abscisic acid (ABA) favored plant acclimation to the ex  vitro  conditions.  Ex  vitro  rooting, including the treatments with IBA and ABA, shortened the production time by approximately one third.

Optimizing micropropagation conditions for a recalcitrant ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius L. maxim.) cultivar