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Polylepis tarapacana  forms one of the highest-altitude woodlands worldwide. Its populations are experiencing a decline due to unsustainable land-use practices, climate change, and fungal infection. In Sajama National Park in Bolivia,  Polylepis tarapacana  is affected by a disease caused by the pleosporalean fungus  Leptosphaeria polylepidis , recently described in 2005. In this study, the integrative morphological and molecular analyses using sequences from multiple DNA loci showed that it belongs to the genus  Paraleptosphaeria  (Leptosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales). Accordingly, the appropriate new combination,  Paraleptosphaeria polylepidis , is made. Pseudothecia of  Pa. polylepidis  were found to be overgrown by enigmatic conidiomata that were not reported in the original description of this fungus. Morphological and molecular analyses using sequences from two DNA loci revealed that they belong to an undescribed genus and species in the family Dictyosporiaceae (Pleosporales). The new generic and specific names,  Sajamaea  and  S. mycophila , are introduced for this unusual fungus.

mycological progress

Phylogenetic placement of Leptosphaeria polylepidis, a pathogen of Andean endemic Polylepis tarapacana, and its newly discovered mycoparasite Sajamaea mycophila gen. et sp. nov.