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This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for asthma, allergy and related symptoms; and breastfeeding patterns and durations for 5479 Beijing children aged 3–6. Parents of children in randomly selected kindergartens wrote responses to a questionnaire used previously. The study aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of asthma and related illnesses, and to determine whether "more" breastfeeding, defined as exclusive, > 6 months, was associated with reduced prevalence. Asthma has increased in this age group between 1990 and 2011, with the steepest increase in the last 2–3 years. Of the total, 14.2%(779) children were breastfed exclusively for > 6 months. The efficacy of "more" breastfeeding was tested in a subset with two strong risk factors,positive family history(for asthma and/or allergy) and male gender. "More" breastfeeding was found to be significantly protective(aOR 0.42, P < 0.05) for this subset against Doctor-diagnosed asthma(D-asthma). Protection that did not reach statistical significance was also found for this subset against Wheeze ever, Cough at night, Rhinitis ever, Doctor-diagnosed rhinitis(D-rhinitis) and Eczema. The greatest protective effects were found for girls with no family history of asthma or allergy, reaching statistical significance for Wheeze ever(aOR 0.48, P < 0.01), Cough at night(aOR 0.47, P < 0.01), D-asthma(aOR 0.14, P < 0.01) and Rhinitis ever(aOR 0.67, P < 0.05). "More" breastfeeding was not consistently associated with either a protective or risk effect for Eczema.

Increasing prevalence of asthma and allergy in Beijing pre-school children: Is exclusive breastfeeding for more than 6 months protective?