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The near-Earth (within $\sim 100$ pc) supernova explosions in the pastseveral million years can cause the global deposition of radioactive elements(e.g., $^{60}$Fe) on Earth. The remnants of such supernovae are too old to beeasily identified. It is therefore of great interest to search formillion-year-old near-Earth neutron stars or black holes, the products ofsupernovae. However, neutron stars and black holes are challenging to find evenin our Solar neighbourhood if they are not radio pulsars or X-ray/$\gamma$-rayemitters. Here we report the discovery of one of the nearest ($127.7 \pm 0.3$pc) neutron star candidates in a detached single-lined spectroscopic binaryLAMOST J235456.73+335625.9 (hereafter J2354). Utilizing the time-resolvedground-based spectroscopy and space photometry, we find that J2354 hosts anunseen compact object with $M_{\mathrm{inv}}$ being $1.4 \sim 1.6\ M_{\odot}$.The follow-up Swift ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray observations suggest that the UVand X-ray emission is produced by the visible star rather than the compactobject. Hence, J2354 probably harbours a neutron star rather than a hotultramassive white dwarf. Two-hour exceptionally sensitive radio follow-upobservations with Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope fail toreveal any pulsating radio signals at the $6\sigma$ flux upper limit of $12.5\\mu \mathrm{Jy}$. Therefore, the neutron star candidate in J2354 can only berevealed via our time-resolved observations. Interestingly, the distancebetween J2354 and our Earth can be as close as $\sim 50$ pc around $2.5$ Myrsago, as revealed by the Gaia kinematics. Our discovery demonstrates a promisingway to unveil the hidden near-Earth neutron stars in binaries by exploring theoptical time domain, thereby facilitating understanding of the metal-enrichmenthistory in our Solar neighbourhood.

The Nearest Neutron Star Candidate in a Binary Revealed by Optical Time-domain Surveys