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Purpose Many poisoning cases involving the deadly toxic mushroom  Trichoderma cornu-damae  have been reported, but there are very few reports on toxicological analysis of the poisoning. In this study, a simple and sensitive method was developed for detecting and quantifying satratoxins, which are the main toxins found in  T. cornu-damae , in human serum and mushroom samples. Methods The four main toxins, namely, satratoxin H and its 12′-acetate, 13′-acetate and 12′,13′-diacetate, were isolated from  T. cornu-damae  and used as analytical standards. These standards were spiked into human serum and effective methods were developed for extraction and detection/quantification using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Quantification of satratoxins in  T. cornu-damae  samples was performed by the standard addition method. Results Although satratoxins, which have neutral terpene structures, showed very low sensitivities in conventional LC–MS/MS analysis, they could be detected with enough sensitivity by our developed method. In human serum, the limit of detection was 0.1 ng/mL and the limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL for all four satratoxins. The recovery rate ranged from 70.5 to 86.6%, and the coefficients of determination for calibration curves were &gt; 0.999. Satratoxins in  T. cornu-damae  samples were also well detected and quantified with coefficients of determination for calibration curves of &gt; 0.997 and intraday/interday precision (relative standard deviation) ranging from 2.98 to 10.3%. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of toxicological analysis of satratoxins using analytical standards.

forensic toxicology

Toxicological analysis of satratoxins, the main toxins in the mushroom Trichoderma cornu-damae, in human serum and mushroom samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry