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Purpose Soil erosion is one of the most serious hazards that endanger sustainable food production. Moreover, it has marked\udeffects on soil organic carbon (SOC) with direct links to global warming. At the same time, soil organic matter (SOM) changes in\udcomposition and space could influence these processes. The aim of this study was to predict soil erosion and sedimentation\udvolume and dynamics on a typical hilly cropland area of Hungary due to forest clearance in the early eighteenth century.\udMaterials and methods Horizontal soil samples were taken along two parallel intensively cultivated complex convex-concave\udslopes from the eroded upper parts at mid-slope positions and from sedimentation in toe-slopes. Samples were measured for SOC,\udtotal nitrogen (TN) content, and SOMcompounds (δ13C, δ15N, and photometric indexes). They were compared to the horizons of\udan in situ non-eroded profile under continuous forest. On the depositional profile cores, soil depth prior to sedimentation was\udcalculated by the determination of sediment thickness.\udResults and discussion Peaks of SOC in the sedimentation profiles indicated thicker initial profiles, while peaks in C/N ratio and\udδ13C distribution showed the original surface to be ~ 20 cm lower. Peaks of SOC were presumed to be the results of deposition of\udSOC-enriched soil from the upper slope transported by selective erosion of finer particles (silts and clays). Therefore, changes in\udδ13C values due to tillage and delivery would fingerprint the original surface much better under the sedimentation scenario than\udSOC content. Distribution of δ13C also suggests that the main sedimentation phase occurred immediately after forest clearance\udand before the start of intense cultivation with maize.\udConclusions This highlights the role of relief in sheet erosion intensity compared to intensive cultivation. Patterns of δ13C\udindicate the original soil surface, even in profiles deposited as sediment centuries ago. The δ13C and C/N decrease in buried in\udsitu profiles had the same tendency as recent forest soil, indicating constant SOM quality distribution after burial. Accordingly,\udmicrobiological activity, root uptake, and metabolism have not been effective enough to modify initial soil properties

A 300-year record of sedimentation in a small tilled catena in Hungary based on δ13C, δ15N, and C/N distribution