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Maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes in the offspring, but limited studies focused on the impacts of gaseous air pollution on newborn congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Therefore, a national data-based analysis was conducted to explore the association between maternal exposure to gaseous air pollution and the incidence of CH in China. Annual average exposure levels of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and O 3  from January 1, 2014, to December 30, 2014, were acquired from the Chinese Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform. The annual incidence of newborn CH from October 1, 2014, to September 30, 2015, was collected from the Chinese Maternal and Child Health Surveillance Network. Temperature and toxic metal in wastewater in 2014 were also collected as covariates. Maternal exposure to O 3  and NO 2  in 1 μg/m 3  level increment was positively associated with newborn CH, with an OR of 1.055 (95% CI 1.011, 1.102) and 1.097 (95% CI 1.019, 1.182) after adjusting for covariates completely. Compared with the lowest level of O 3 , maternal exposure to the 4th quartile of O 3  was positively associated with newborn CH (OR 1.393, 95% CI 1.081, 1.794) after adjusting for covariates completely. And the 3rd and 4th quartiles of NO 2  were associated positively with CH (OR 1.576, 95% CI 1.025, 2.424, and OR 1.553, 95% CI 0.999, 2.414, respectively) compared with the lowest level of NO 2 . By fitting the ROC curve, 93.688 μg/m 3  in O 3  might be used as cutoff to predict the incidence of newborn CH in China.   Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-13083-6.

Maternal exposure to O3 and NO2 may increase the risk of newborn congenital hypothyroidism: a national data-based analysis in China