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The picoeukaryotic alga  Ostreococcus tauri  (Chlorophyta) belongs to the widespread group of marine prasinophytes. Despite its ecological importance, little is known about the metabolism of this alga.    Objectives  In this work, changes in the metabolome were quantified when  O. tauri  was grown under alternating cycles of 12 h light and 12 h darkness.    Methods  Algal metabolism was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, the bacteria associated with  O. tauri  were depleted to below 0.1% of total cells at the time of metabolic profiling.    Results  Of 111 metabolites quantified over light–dark cycles, 20 (18%) showed clear diurnal variations. The strongest fluctuations were found for trehalose. With an intracellular concentration of 1.6 mM in the dark, this disaccharide was six times more abundant at night than during the day. This fluctuation pattern of trehalose may be a consequence of starch degradation or of the synchronized cell cycle. On the other hand, maltose (and also sucrose) was below the detection limit (~10 μM). Accumulation of glycine in the light is in agreement with the presence of a classical glycolate pathway of photorespiration. We also provide evidence for the presence of fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters in  O. tauri .    Conclusions  This study shows how the metabolism of  O. tauri  adapts to day and night and gives new insights into the configuration of the carbon metabolism. In addition, several less common metabolites were identified.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11306-017-1203-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Metabolic profiling identifies trehalose as an abundant and diurnally fluctuating metabolite in the microalga Ostreococcus tauri