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15 páginas, 7 figuras, 5 tablas, 44 referencias.-- cmartin@irnase.csic.esNitrate addition stimulated sulfide oxidation by\udincreasing the activity of nitrate-reducing sulfide-oxidizing\udbacteria (NR-SOB), decreasing the concentration of\uddissolved H2S in the water phase and, consequently, its\udrelease to the atmosphere of a pilot-scale anaerobic bioreactor.\udThe effect of four different concentrations of nitrate\ud(0.12, 0.24, 0.50, and 1.00 mM) was investigated for a\udperiod of 3 days in relation to sulfide concentration in two\udbioreactors set up at Guadalete wastewater treatment plant\ud(Jerez de la Frontera, Spain). Physicochemical variables were measured in water and air, and the activity of bacteria\udimplicated in the sulfur and nitrogen cycles was analyzed\udin the biofilms and in the water phase of the bioreactors.\udBiofilms were a net source of sulfide for the water and gas\udphases (7.22±5.3 μmol s−1) in the absence of nitrate dosing.\udAddition of nitrate resulted in a quick (within 3 h)\uddecrease of sulfide both in the water and atmospheric\udphases. Sulfide elimination efficiency in the water phase\udincreased with nitrate concentrations following the\udMichaelis–Menten kinetics (Ks=0.63 mM NO3\ud−). The\udend of nitrate addition resulted in a recovery or increase\udof initial net sulfide production in about 3 h. Addition of\udnitrate increased the activity of NR-SOB and decreased\udthe activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Results confirmed\udthe role of NR-SOB on hydrogen sulfide consumption\udcoupled with nitrate reduction and sulfate\udrecycling, revealing Sulfurimonas denitrificans and\udParacoccus denitrificans as NR-SOB of great importance\udin this process.We acknowledge the support of the grants\udP06-RNM-01787, P11-RNM-7199, the PAI groups RNM-214\udand BIO-288 from Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y\udEmpresa, Junta de Andalucía, Spain and CTM2009-10736 from\udthe Ministerio de Innovación y Ciencia, Spain, which include\udcofinancing from FEDER funds. S. Papaspyrou was funded by a\udJAE-Doc fellowship (Programa JAE, JAE-Doc109, Spanish National\udResearch Council) and a Marie Curie ERG action\ud(NITRICOS, 235005, European Union).Peer reviewe

Reduction of Net Sulfide Production Rate by Nitrate in Wastewater Bioreactors. Kinetics and Changes in the Microbial Community