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Seasonal fluctuations of light availability, nutrient concentrations, and moisture affect plant population traits like density, standing biomass, and flowering. We analyzed seasonal changes of density and shoot biomass of the four most frequent herb species growing in an oak–hornbeam forest community, i.e.,  Anemone nemorosa ,  Ficaria verna ,  Galeobdolon luteum , and  Galium odoratum . In 2010 and 2011 plant biomass was harvested from 7 to 10 randomly situated square sample plots (0.36 m 2 ) in the homogenous oak–hornbeam forest community every week in the spring and every two weeks in the summer and autumn. The highest abundance of  Anemone nemorosa  reached over 1000 shoots per m 2 , of  Ficaria verna  459.5 shoots per m 2 , of  Galium odoratum  83.6 shoots per m 2 , and of  Galeobdolon luteum  98.4 shoots per m 2  (means for 2010 and 2011, based on all sample plots). We did not observe negative correlation between density and shoot biomass. Growth rates of vegetative shoot biomass amounted to 0.857 mg day −1  for  Anemone nemorosa , 0.467 mg day −1  for  Ficaria verna , 0.722 mg day −1  for  Galium odoratum , and 0.448 mg day −1  for  Galeobdolon luteum  (means for 2010 and 2011). Spring ephemerals had much higher densities of shoots than summer-greens. Summer-greens reached higher biomass of individual shoots than spring ephemerals. Flowering shoots constituted only 4, 2, and 11% of all shoots for  A. nemorosa ,  F. verna , and  G. odoratum , respectively. More resource availability resulting in high shoot biomass did not translate to higher share of flowering shoots.

Seasonal dynamics of shoot biomass of dominant clonal herb species in an oak–hornbeam forest herb layer