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Purpose Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are at high risk of sarcopenia. Gut microbiota affects host metabolic and may act in the occurrence of sarcopenia importantly. This study aimed to study the characterization of the gut microbiota in MHD patients with sarcopenia, and to further reveal the complex pathophysiology of sarcopenia in MHD patients. Methods Fecal samples and clinical data were collected from 30 MHD patients with sarcopenia, and 30 age-and-sex-matched MHD patients without sarcopenia in 1 general hospital of Jiangsu Province from December 2020 to March 2021. 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the genetic sequence of the gut microbiota for evaluation of the diversity, species composition, and differential microbiota of the two groups. Results Compared to MHD patients without sarcopenia, the ACE index of patients with sarcopenia was lower ( P  = 0.014), and there was a structural difference in the β-diversity between the two groups ( P  = 0.001). At the genus level, the relative abundance of  Tyzzerella_4  in the sarcopenia group was significantly higher than in the non-sarcopenia group ( P  = 0.039), and the relative abundance of  Megamonas  ( P  = 0.004),  Coprococcus_2  ( P  = 0.038), and  uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae  ( P  = 0.040) decreased significantly. Conclusion The diversity and structure of the gut microbiota of MHD patients with sarcopenia were altered. The occurrence of sarcopenia in MHD patients may be influenced by gut microbiota.

Characterization of the gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients with sarcopenia