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This paper examines friction as a function of the sliding velocity andapplied normal load from air to UHV in a scanning force microscope (SFM)experiment in which a sharp silicon tip slides against a flat Si(100) sample.Under ambient conditions, both surfaces are covered by a native oxide, which ishydrophilic. During pump-down in the vacuum chamber housing the SFM, thebehavior of friction as a function of the applied normal load and the slidingvelocity undergoes a change. By analyzing these changes it is possible toidentify three distinct friction regimes with corresponding contact properties:(a) friction dominated by the additional normal forces induced by capillaritydue to the presence of thick water films, (b) higher drag force from orderingeffects present in thin water layers and (c) low friction due to directsolid-solid contact for the sample with the counterbody. Depending onenvironmental conditions and the applied normal load, all three mechanisms maybe present at one time. Their individual contributions can be identified byinvestigating the dependence of friction on the applied normal load as well ason the sliding velocity in different pressure regimes, thus providinginformation about nanoscale friction mechanisms

Nanofriction Mechanisms Derived from the Dependence of Friction on Load and Sliding Velocity from Air to UHV on Hydrophilic Silicon