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Tree peony ( Paeonia  sect.  Moutan ) is an economically important multipurpose woody plant in terms of its medical, ornamental and oil values, but its breeding and industrial development are severely limited due to inefficient traditional propagation methods and existing in vitro regeneration systems. Meristematic nodules (MNs) are an attractive alternative to solve this problem. This study first presented a protocol for in vitro regeneration of  P. ostii  ‘Feng Dan’ via MN culture with four consecutive steps, including embryogenic callus (EC) formation, MN induction and leaf cluster differentiation, shoot elongation, rooting and acclimatization. The highest EC induction rate (81.25%) was achieved when cotyledons were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (mMS) medium with 4.04 µM N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea (CPPU) + 5.37 µM α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) for 30 days. The optimal MN induction rate (100%) and leaf cluster differentiation rate (45.83%) were obtained when ECs were cultured on modified woody plant medium (mWPM) supplemented with 2.02 µM CPPU + 2.27 µM thidiazuron (TDZ) for a subculture time of 10 days. The combination of 1.29 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA) + 0.58 µM gibberellin (GA 3 ) yielded the best shoot elongation (13.40 shoots per nodule), rooting rate (43.33%) and consequently survival rate (45.83%). The study will be beneficial to the mass propagation, breeding and genetic improvement of tree peony.

Efficient plant regeneration via meristematic nodule culture in Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’