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The appearance of dark sunspots over the solar photosphere is not consideredto be symmetric between the northern and southern hemispheres. Among thedifferent conclusions obtained by several authors, we can point out that theNorth-South asymmetry is a real and systematic phenomenon and is not due torandom variability. In the present work, we selected the sunspot area data of asample of 13 solar cycles divided by hemisphere extracted from the MarshallSpace Flight Centre (MSFC) database to investigate the behavior of probabilitydistributions using an out-of-equilibrium statistical model a.k.a non-extensivestatistical mechanics. Based on this statistical framework, we obtained thatthe non-extensive entropic parameter $q$ has a semi-sinusoidal variation with aperiod of $\sim$22 year (Hale cycle). Among the most important results, we canhighlight that the asymmetry index $q(A)$ revealed the dominance of thenorthern hemisphere against the southern one. Thus, we concluded that theparameter $q(A)$ can be considered an effective measure for diagnosinglong-term variations of the solar dynamo. Finally, our study opens a newapproach to investigating solar variability from the nonextensive perspective.

Hemispheric asymmetry in the sunspot cycle as a nonextensive phenomenon