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Convective motions in the deep layers of the solar convection zone areaffected by rotation, making the convective heat transport latitude-dependent,but this is not the case in the top layers near the surface. We use the thermalwind balance condition in the deeper layers to estimate the pole-equatortemperature difference. Surface observations of this temperature difference canbe used for estimating the depth of the near-surface layer within whichconvection is not affected by rotation. If we require that the thermal windbalance holds in this layer also, then we have to conclude that this must be alayer of strong differential rotation and its characteristics which we deriveare in broad agreement with the observational data of the near-surface shearlayer.

A theoretical estimate of the pole-equator temperature difference and a possible origin of the near-surface shear layer