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The origin of relativistic solar protons during large flare/CME events hasnot been uniquely identified so far.We perform a detailed comparative analysisof the time profiles of relativistic protons detected by the worldwide networkof neutron monitors at Earth with electromagnetic signatures of particleacceleration in the solar corona during the large particle event of 20 January2005. The intensity-time profile of the relativistic protons derived from theneutron monitor data indicates two successive peaks. We show that microwave,hard X-ray and gamma-ray emissions display several episodes of particleacceleration within the impulsive flare phase. The first relativistic protonsdetected at Earth are accelerated together with relativistic electrons and withprotons that produce pion decay gamma-rays during the second episode. Thesecond peak in the relativistic proton profile at Earth is accompanied by newsignatures of particle acceleration in the corona within approximatively 1solar radius above the photosphere, revealed by hard X-ray and microwaveemissions of low intensity, and by the renewed radio emission of electron beamsand of a coronal shock wave. We discuss the observations in terms of differentscenarios of particle acceleration in the corona.

Acceleration of Relativistic Protons during the 20 January 2005 Flare and CME