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This study aims to analyze 343 retraction notices indexed in the Scopusdatabase, published in 2001-2019, related to scientific articles (co-)writtenby at least one author affiliated with an Iranian institution. In order todetermine reasons for retractions, we merged this database with the databasefrom Retraction Watch. The data were analyzed using Excel 2016 and IBM-SPSSversion 24.0, and visualized using VOSviewer software. Most of the retractionswere due to fake peer review (95 retractions) and plagiarism (90). The averagetime between a publication and its retraction was 591 days. The maximumtime-lag (about 3,000 days) occurred for papers retracted due to duplicatepublications; the minimum time-lag (fewer than 100 days) was for papersretracted due to ''unspecified cause'' (most of these were conference papers).As many as 48 (14%) of the retracted papers were published in two medicaljournals: Tumor Biology (25 papers) and Diagnostic Pathology (23 papers). Fromthe institutional point of view, Islamic Azad University was the ingloriousleader, contributing to over one-half (53.1%) of retracted papers. Among the343 retraction notices, 64 papers pertained to international collaborationswith researchers from mainly Asian and European countries; Malaysia having themost retractions (22 papers). Since most retractions were due to fake peerreview and plagiarism, the peer review system appears to be a weak point of thesubmission/publication process; if improved, the number of retractions wouldlikely drop because of increased editorial control.

Retracted papers by Iranian authors: Causes, journals, time lags, affiliations, collaborations