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In this work, an eavesdropping-aware routing and spectrum allocation approachis proposed utilizing network coding (NC) in elastic optical networks (EONs).To provide physical layer security in EONs and secure the confidentialconnections against eavesdropping attacks using NC, the signals of theconfidential connections are combined (XOR-ed) with other signals at differentnodes in their path, while transmitted through the network. The combination ofsignals through NC significantly increases the security of confidentialconnections, since an eavesdropper must access all individual signals,traversing different links, in order to decrypt the combined signal. A novelheuristic approach is proposed, that solves the combined network coding androuting and spectrum allocation (NC-RSA) problem, that also takes into accountadditional NC constraints that are required in order to consider a confidentialconnection as secure. Different routing and spectrum allocation strategies areproposed, aiming to maximize the level of security provided for theconfidential demands, followed by an extensive performance evaluation of eachapproach in terms of the level of security provided, as well as the spectrumutilization and blocking probability, under different network parameters.Performance results demonstrate that the proposed approaches can provideefficient solutions in terms of network performance, while providing the levelof security required for each demand.

Network Coding-based Routing and Spectrum Allocation in Elastic Optical Networks for Enhanced Physical Layer Security