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Aims Studies dealing with plants’ mineral nutrient status under elevated atmospheric CO 2  concentration (eCO 2 ) are usually conducted in closed hydroponic systems, in which nutrient solutions are entirely renewed every several days. Here, we investigated the contribution of the fluctuation of concentrations of N ([N]), P ([P]), and K ([K]) in nutrient solutions in this short period on their concentrations in cucumber plants exposed to different [CO 2 ] and N levels. Methods Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus  L.) plants were hydroponically grown under two [CO 2 ] and three N levels. [N], [P], and [K] in nutrient solutions and cucumber plants were analyzed. Results The transpiration rate (Tr) was significantly inhibited by eCO 2 , whereas Tr per plant was increased due to the larger leaf area. Elevated [CO 2 ] significantly decreased [N] in low N nutrient solutions, which imposed an additional decrease in [N] in plants. [P] in nutrient solutions fluctuated slightly, so the change of [P] in plants might be attributed to the dilution effect and the demand change under eCO 2 . [K] in moderate and high N nutrient solutions were significantly decreased, which exacerbated the [K] decrease in plants under eCO 2 . Conclusions The short-term fluctuation of [N] and [K] in nutrient solutions is caused by the asynchronous uptakes of N, K, and water under eCO 2 , which has an appreciable influence on [N] and [K] in plants besides the dilution effect. This defect of the closed hydroponic system may let us exaggerate the negative impact of eCO 2  itself on [N] and [K] in plants.

plant and soil

Does the short-term fluctuation of mineral element concentrations in the closed hydroponic experimental facilities affect the mineral concentrations in cucumber plants exposed to elevated CO2?