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To assess photosynthesis and yield components’ response of field-grown wheat to increasing ozone (O) concentration (based on diurnal pattern of ambient O) in China, winter wheat ( L.) cv. Jia 403 was planted in open top chambers and exposed to three different O concentrations: O-free air (CF), ambient air (NF), and O-free air with additional O (CF+O). Diurnal changes of gas exchange and net photosynthetic rate ( ) in response to photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of flag leaves were measured at the filling grain stage, and yield components were investigated at harvest. High O concentration altered diurnal course of gas exchange [ , stomatal conductance ( ), and intercellular CO concentration ( )] and decreased significantly their values except for  . Apparent quantum yield (AQY), compensation irradiance (CI), and saturation irradiance (SI) were significantly decreased, suggesting photosynthetic capacity was also altered, characterized as reduced photon-saturated photosynthetic rate ( ). The limit of photosynthetic activity was probably dominated by non-stomatal factors in combination with stomatal closure. The significant reduction in yield was observed in CF+O treatment as a result of a marked decrease in the ear length and the number of grains per ear, and a significant increase in the number of infertile florets per ear. Even though similar responses were also observed in plants exposed to ambient O concentration, no statistical difference was observed at current ambient O concentration in China.

Response of gas exchange and yield components of field-grown Triticum aestivum L. to elevated ozone in China