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Purpose  Permeation studies, with near infrared (NIR) light and anti-aggregation antibody formulation, were used to investigate the  in vitro  permeation of bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept through human sclera.    Methods  A vertical, spherical Franz cell diffusion apparatus was used for this scleral tissue permeation model. A photokinetic ocular drug delivery (PODD) testing device accommodated the placement of NIR LEDs above the donor chambers. An adjustable LED driver/square wave generator provided electrical energy with a variable pulse rate and pulse width modulation (duty cycle).    Results  Exposure to non-thermal NIR light had no effect on mAbs with regard to monomer concentration or antibody binding potential, as determined by SE-HPLC and ELISA. The optimal LED wavelength was found to be 950 nm. Duty cycle power of 5%  vs  20% showed no difference in permeation. When compared to controls, the combination of non-aggregating antibody formulation and NIR illumination provided an average transscleral drug flux enhancement factor of 3X.    Conclusion  Narrow wavelength incoherent (non-laser) light from an NIR LED source is not harmful to mAbs and can be used to enhance drug permeation through scleral tissue. The topical formulation, combined with pulsed NIR light irradiation, significantly improved scleral permeation of three anti-VEGF antibody drugs.

Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Near infrared (NIR) Induced Permeation Enhancement of Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab and Aflibercept through Human Sclera